Zoning Regulation to Be Applied in Areas Inside and Outside Municipal and Adjacent Area Boundaries Where There Is No Zoning Plan

Substantial Repairs
Article 40 – Substantial repairs that do not affect the building’s plan, appearance, or structural integrity are subject to a permit; however, no plans, drawings, images, or calculations are required for such repairs.

Ordinary Repairs
Article 41 – Repairs of joints, internal and external plaster, whitewash, paint, gutters, downspouts, joinery, flooring and ceiling coverings, electrical and plumbing installations, railings, lightning rods, pergolas, and similar elements, as well as repairs of partition walls, garden walls, chimneys, eaves, and similar components, and the construction of small, simple chicken coops not visible from the street, are not subject to a permit.

Scaffolding Installation
Article 42 – In cases where scaffolding must be installed on streets or sidewalks, it is mandatory and sufficient to apply in writing to the relevant authority.

Roofs and Exterior Appearance
Article 35 – (Amended: Regulation published in Official Gazette dated 12/8/1987 and numbered 19542) Roofs must be suitable for the condition and needs of the building to be constructed and in harmony with the character of surrounding streets and avenues. Roof slopes and materials will be determined by the municipality, considering the characteristics of the region and climate conditions.

Independent units cannot be built in attic spaces. Only utility areas such as water tanks, elevator shafts, and rooms connected to the top-floor units may be constructed in these parts.

However, the space between the top floor ceiling and the roof cover cannot be subdivided by adding extra floor slabs. In special buildings, actions are taken only in accordance with the opinion of the Ministry.

Staircase towers and light wells may exceed the roof contour by up to 0.50 meters.

Parapet walls of up to 0.90 meters in height built on terrace roofs are not included in the building height.

The municipality is authorized to determine the exterior wall paint and coating materials, as well as the type and color of roofing, in order to ensure harmony between structures and create an aesthetically pleasing appearance, based on the characteristics of the area. This authority also applies to previously constructed buildings.

Fire Safety Measures in Buildings
Article 44 – (Amended: Official Gazette dated 2/9/1999 and numbered 23804) The fire safety measures to be taken in buildings are listed below:

a) Fire Escapes
(Amended: Official Gazette dated 13/7/2000 and numbered 24108) In public buildings with a floor area exceeding 150 m² and more than one floor, and in all buildings with more than four floors, fire escapes are mandatory. Fire escapes may also be constructed in lower-rise buildings upon the owner’s request. Fire escapes may be open or enclosed, located inside or outside the structure, and must not be closer than 1.50 meters to the adjacent parcel boundary. In high-rise buildings, they must be fully enclosed. With the permission of the relevant authority, open fire escapes may be permitted. Fire escapes must be constructed from non-slip, fire-resistant materials, in accordance with applicable standards, and, when located inside the building mass, within insulated and enclosed spaces resistant to heat and smoke. Fire escapes must provide access to the roof and natural ground level to ensure safe evacuation. The minimum width is 1.20 meters in public and high-rise buildings, and 0.90 meters in other buildings. The stair tread width must be at least 0.25 meters, and the riser height must not exceed 0.18 meters. Both sides of the stairs must have railings and handrails made of fire-resistant materials.

b) Escape Routes
Buildings must be equipped with escape routes featuring illuminated and audible guidance systems, independent from general exits, ensuring access to fire escapes and building exits in public and high-rise buildings. The distance from the furthest point of the building to the fire escape must not exceed 30 meters. Escape routes are also required in public buildings where fire escapes are not mandatory.

c) Doors
Doors leading to fire escapes and escape routes must open in the direction of evacuation, close automatically, be smoke-sealed, and made of heat-resistant materials. No thresholds may be installed at these doors.

d) Fire Cabinets
(Amended: Official Gazette dated 13/7/2000 and numbered 24108) In public buildings with a floor area exceeding 150 m² and more than one floor, and in buildings with five or more floors, including basements, fire cabinets equipped with fire hydrants must be installed on every floor. In buildings with floor areas exceeding 800 m², at least two fire cabinets must be provided per floor. Fire hydrants must be connected to water tanks sized according to Article 50.

e) Other Measures
An external pipeline system must be installed in an easily accessible location from the main road, allowing firefighters to connect their equipment. In public and all high-rise buildings, additional measures such as heat-resistant fire escape hoses must be provided for the evacuation of the disabled, elderly, and children. In adjacent parcel developments, a shared fire escape with the neighboring structure may be installed. For technical issues not covered in this article, the provisions of the "Regulation on Fire Protection of Public Buildings" published in the Official Gazette dated 4/11/1995 and numbered 22453 shall apply.

Railings
Article 46 – In all types of buildings:
Railings must be installed around balconies and terraces, on open staircases with more than five steps, and on window openings with a sill height of less than 0.90 meters, at a minimum height of 0.90 meters from the floor level, and in compliance with engineering standards.

Water Tanks, Sanitary Installations, and Septic Tanks
Article 50 – (Amended: Official Gazette dated 12/8/1987 and numbered 19542)
(Amended: Official Gazette dated 13/7/2000 and numbered 24108) In public and high-rise buildings defined in this regulation, a water tank of no less than 15 m³ must be installed, taking into account factors such as the building's intended use, daily water consumption, and selected fire suppression system, and in compliance with national and international standards. Adequate drainage and waterproofing measures must be provided. For other residential-type buildings, a sufficiently sized water tank and pump room must be reserved and installed according to the mechanical installation projects, based on the owner's request. Water tanks may be placed in the basement or roof of the building with proper drainage and insulation measures or may be buried in the front, side, or rear gardens outside the building footprint, provided that the same conditions are met.